Cryptography

Symmetric-Key Encryption

With symmetric-key encryption, the encryption key can be calculated from the decryption key and vice versa. With most symmetric algorithms, the same key is used for both encryption and decryption.

Public-Key Encryption

Public-key encryption (also called asymmetric encryption) involves a pair of keys — a public key and a private key — associated with an entity that needs to authenticate its identity electronically or to sign or encrypt data. Each public key is published, and the corresponding private key is kept secret.

The problem that keeps our data safely encrypted —> factoring large prime numbers

For example:

To find the factors of this number it took 2,000 years of computer processing time.

Quantum computing

Assuming a suitably functional quantum computer can be built — a possibility that has been tens years away for the past decade — the hope is that the device will be able to run Shor’s algorithm to break asymmetric algorithms like RSA and Grover’s algorithm to break symmetric algorithms.

Symmetric-Key Encryption and using quantum physics to share the key:

The Double Split Experiment:

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